Quantum Computing

Quantum computing hardware splits across five incompatible architectures—superconducting qubits, ion traps, photonics, topological qubits, and neutral atoms—with no clear winner for AI integration. IBM's 1,121-qubit superconducting system leads in scale but requires extreme cooling, while photonic systems cut infrastructure costs 90% at room temperature. Industry consolidation expected by 2028-2030 once error-corrected systems prove advantages.